AI Generated Content & Publishing

Earlier this year, we committed to supporting illustrators and not using AI art in our books. However, it is not only art where AI has shown up in books; it is the text, too.

Many book distribution platforms are asking the submitter to identify if AI is used. Amazon is one of those platforms.

When a person uploads a book file on Amazon, the question “Did you use AI tools in creating texts, images, and/or translations in your book?” must be answered.

With that question, Amazon hyperlinked a resource to the question, “What is AI-generated content?” Amazon defines it as “content as text, images, or translations created by an Artificial Intelligence-based tool.”

Below that definition is another hyperlink to their KDP Content Guidelines, which includes more information about AI. Under the content guidelines, Amazon delineates between AI-generated content and AI-assisted content.

We require you to inform us of AI-generated content (text, images, or translations) when you publish a new book or make edits to and republish an existing book through KDP. AI-generated images include cover and interior images and artwork. You are not required to disclose AI-assisted content. We distinguish between AI-generated and AI-assisted content as follows:

  • AI-generated: We define AI-generated content as text, images, or translations created by an AI-based tool. If you used an AI-based tool to create the actual content (whether text, images, or translations), it is considered “AI-generated,” even if you applied substantial edits afterwards.
  • AI-assisted: If you created the content yourself, and used AI-based tools to edit, refine, error-check, or otherwise improve that content (whether text or images), then it is considered “AI-assisted” and not “AI-generated.” Similarly, if you used an AI-based tool to brainstorm and generate ideas, but ultimately created the text or images yourself, this is also considered “AI-assisted” and not “AI-generated.” It is not necessary to inform us of the use of such tools or processes.

You are responsible for verifying that all AI-generated and/or AI-assisted content adheres to all content guidelines, including by complying with all applicable intellectual property rights.

For example, using ChatGPT to create a manuscript would be categorized as creating AI-generated content. Using Grammarly to check for spelling errors would be using AI-assisted technology.

The real issue with AI-generated content is that the content could be pulled from content already created, and the person using that content could risk legal troubles.

It might sound quick and easy to create a book using AI-generated content, but there are risks. Additionally, if a person is worried more about getting a book out quickly rather than having a solid story and compelling content, the person’s publishing priorities might not be in the right place.

The Drawbacks with AI Illustrations

One commitment we can make to our readers and supporters is that we have not and will not use artificial intelligence (AI) in our books. Our mission is to provide diverse books for all readers written and illustrated by diverse people. People, not AI.

However, we know that many authors who are desperate to get their manuscripts into book format and into the market see AI as a shortcut because it is fast and cheap. There are several reasons we believe people should reconsider.

AI beauty standards are based on warped human beauty standards.

Dove, a company that makes products for skin and hair, recently released a short video addressing the beauty images that one might see when using AI. Those images were of white females with blond hair and blue eyes. This line appears at the end of the video: “Dove will never use AI to create or distort women’s images.”

In its commercials, Dove has been intentional about using people of all shades of skin tone, hair texture, age, and body size. When people choose to use AI for books, they may end up with images that are distorted such as an ethnic person with features that seem more European.

AI pulls from existing beauty norms. When working with human illustrators, those standards can be obliterated, and people who don’t tend to see themselves in book can now see themselves.

AI is Inconsistent

One important aspect of illustrations is consistency. Characters should look the same on every page. When AI generates a book, that consistency is not there and it is not able to pinpoint issues and only target the issue area. In a Time Magazine article about an AI created book, several issues were noted about the illustrations.

The AI-generated illustrations had a number of issues: some fingers looked like claws, objects were floating, and the shadowing was off in some areas. Normally, illustrations in children’s books go through several rounds of revisions—but that’s not always possible with AI-generated artwork on Midjourney, where users type a series of words and the bot spits back an image seconds later.

Some people try to get around this by making books where each page is a biography about a different person. That gets the person around the issue of the character looking the same throughout the book since the character is only depicted once. However, that doesn’t get the person around the inconsistency between characters. There are some AI illustrated books where some characters have cartoon illustrated noses and others have more human-like illustrated noses within the same book. Think of a book like a universe. In the universe the style of illustration should be the same. Some characters should not look nearly life-like while others look like Saturday morning cartoons.

AI generates images based on real art

Adobe Firefly defines AI art as  “artwork made with the assistance of generative AI — a technology that finds patterns in big datasets and uses that information to create new content.” In this case a picture or piece of existing art may be submitted into an AI platform and enhanced. Additionally, people can generate “new” images from adding a few key words. However, those images are based on images already in existence. That includes work from people who make a living as illustrators.

Many artists are part of the #NoToAIArt campaign. In a Guardian article, illustrator Anoosha Syed said, “AI doesn’t look at art and create its own. It samples everyone’s then mashes it into something else.”

In short, support illustrators. Don’t take short cuts. The full legal ramifications of AI art are still unknown. Good books take time. Trust the process. Trust your illustrators. Support human artists who are doing the work that AI steals to create “art.”